Follow the Paths of Great Men (The Prince)

New Feature! To kick off 2010, I am adding the ability for readers to write comments at the bottom of each idea. If you agree or disagree with the idea or my interpretation of it, you will now be able to have your voice heard. 

This idea is from The Prince, by Niccolò Machiavelli, published in 1532. This was a highly influential book that continues to shape political and social thought to this day. Read my mini-review and overall impressions.



I have not found among my possessions anything which I hold more dear than, or value so much as, the knowledge of the actions of great men, acquired by long experience in contemporary affairs, and a continual study of antiquity.


A wise man ought always to follow the paths beaten by great men, and to imitate those who have been supreme, so that if his ability does not equal theirs, at least it will savour of it.

~Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince


It is remarkable just how often this refrain keeps coming up. Nearly all great men attribute their success to their study of other great men. As Issac Newton famously uttered: "If I have seen a little further it is by standing on the shoulders of Giants." And he wasn't the first to say this. It was a phrase that he borrowed from other great men before him. See the wikipedia article for the history of the phrase


Any great man you can think of: Darwin, Freud, Jung, Einstein, Shakespeare, Franklin, Nietzsche, Descartes, Kant - without exception they were students of the great men throughout history. No one ever says that he stood on the shoulders of his contemporaries. If average contemporary men are your role models, it will be extremely difficult to rise to much higher heights than they have.


The vast majority of scientists and philosophers are vermin. A great man comes along every so often with a new idea, and then for decades or centuries hordes of scientists endlessly swarm around that idea like flies, endlessly batting around the same ideas amongst themselves (distorting it in the process). They are vampires on the progress of humanity, using the institution of science as a means for their own upward social mobility, with no sincere desire to actually contribute to that progress. 







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The Best Rulers are Reluctant Rulers (The Republic)

This idea is from The Republic, by Plato, written in about 360 BC. The Republic is probably the most famous book in all of philosophy. Read my mini-review and overall impressions.




The truth is that the State in which the rulers are most reluctant to govern is always the best and most quietly governed, and the State in which they are most eager, the worst.
~Plato, The Republic (Book VII)




Well this is an idea that seems quite obvious, and is definitely applicable today. Think about how the United States election process works. Most often the winner of our elections is the man who campaigns the most, who spends the most money on ads, who makes the most speeches. He must do this for months (maybe even years for the presidential election). Therefore, we elect the most eager men to be our rulers. 


Is there a better way we could do this? Perhaps some sort of a nomination process where the candidates are not allowed to self-promote or campaign? We might identify and vote on the most able men, who are then expected to serve as our senators, our governors and our presidents as a duty to society. Kind of like jury duty. This might better ensure that our leaders are motivated to do the right thing: to make fair laws and to work for the betterment of all classes of society.



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Your Cultivated Talent is Arbitrary (The Metaphysical Elements of Ethics)



The difference in the circumstances into which men may come makes the choice of the kind of employment for which he should cultivate his talent very arbitrary. Here, therefore, there is no law of reason for his actions.


~Immanuel Kant, The Metaphysical Elements of Ethics


We have heard so many times that it is important to have a purpose. If a man doesn't choose a single dominating purpose for his life around which to focus his energy, then greatness cannot be achieved. All too often, we put off choosing this purpose: we "keep our options open". There are so many things that we might be great at if we spent enough time, and we don't want to cut ourselves off from these possibilities. Or we keep waiting for some Divine Providence to reveal our One True Purpose. Unfortunately, the longer we wait, the more certain we resign ourselves to mediocrity. 


Kant says here that the choice we make is very arbitrary. What is important is that, arbitrary though it may be, a choice be made. Don't commit the error of becoming a jack-of-all-trades, master of none. Rather, seek to become a jack-of-all-trades, master of one.


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A Man's Only True Name is His Nickname (Walking)

The following idea is from Walking, by Henry David Thoreau, published in 1862. It is quite an interesting book extolling the benefits of nature and walking. Read my mini-review and overall impressions


At present our only true names are nicknames. I knew a boy who, from his peculiar energy, was called "Buster" by his playmates, and this rightly supplanted his Christian name. Some travelers tell us that an Indian had no name given him at first, but earned it, and his name was his fame; and among some tribes he acquired a new name with every new exploit. It is pitiful when a man bears a name for convenience merely, who has earned neither name nor fame.

~Henry David Thoreau, Walking



How true this is. What is the deal with our names? They tell us absolutely nothing about the man to which they are attached, except maybe a hint of the culture or religion he belongs to. And even that association is tenuous: many of us in the U.S. have names from the Hebrew and Christian bibles, but we have long since shed our devotion to those religions. 


It seems we have these names merely as an arbitrary method of distinguishing ourselves. Why not a number? A nickname at least tells you something



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Hierarchy of Judges (Exodus)


And Moses chose able men out of all Israel, and made them
           heads over the people, rulers of thousands, rulers of
           hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens.
And they judged the people at all seasons: the hard causes
           they brought unto Moses, but every small matter they judged
           themselves.
 ~Exodus (Chapter 18, Verse 25-26)


This is perhaps the first recommendation of how men ought to govern themselves (at least in the western tradition). Seems pretty simple, and is similar to how we still do it today. 


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